I don’t have access to any diagrams, images, or figures. However, I can help you understand the types of mutations if you describe them to me. Common types of mutations include:
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Point mutations: A change in a single nucleotide; can be a substitution, insertion, or deletion.
- Substitution (Missense or Nonsense): One base is replaced by another, which may change the amino acid or create a stop codon.
- Insertion: One or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence, potentially leading to a frameshift.
- Deletion: One or more nucleotides are removed, which can also cause a frameshift.
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Frameshift mutations: Occur from insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame of the codons in the mRNA, potentially altering the entire downstream protein.
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Large-scale mutations: These involve larger sections of DNA, such as duplications, inversions, or translocations.
If you describe the mutations depicted in your diagram or provide the labels related to each type (like A, B, C, D), I would be able to help you identify them correctly.