The diagram models a device that was the foundation for the modern electrical turbine.

Which of the following is causing the wheel to turn?
A.

Force from the mechanical energy generated by the solar radiation causes the wheel to turn.

B.

Force from the mechanical energy generated by the moving water causes the wheel to turn.

C.

Force from the thermal energy generated by the solar radiation causes the wheel to turn.

D.

Force from the thermal energy generated by the moving water causes the wheel to turn.

1 answer

To determine which option is correct, we need to consider the mechanisms involved in the operation of a device that drives a wheel, particularly in relation to energy sources.

  1. Solar Radiation:

    • Typically, solar energy can be converted into mechanical energy through processes like heating a fluid, which then might drive a turbine. However, this option specifically refers to the direct mechanical or thermal energy component.
  2. Moving Water:

    • Water flowing (such as in a hydroelectric turbine) can directly cause a wheel to turn due to the kinetic energy (mechanical energy) of the moving water.

From these considerations:

  • Option A mentions mechanical energy from solar radiation, which doesn't apply directly unless there’s some sort of heat engine.
  • Option B mentions mechanical energy from moving water, which directly correlates to how water turbines operate, using the kinetic energy of water to turn the wheel.
  • Option C refers to thermal energy from solar radiation. This could possibly apply in a different context, such as concentrating solar power, but does not typically relate to direct wheel movement.
  • Option D includes thermal energy from moving water, which is not a standard consideration as water's movement relates to kinetic rather than thermal energy.

Based on these evaluations, the correct answer is:

B. Force from the mechanical energy generated by the moving water causes the wheel to turn.