The process you're describing is known as orographic lift, where moist air from the body of water rises over the mountains, cools, and loses moisture as precipitation on the windward side of the mountains. This often leads to a wet climate on that side. Conversely, the leeward side (the side opposite the body of water) tends to be much drier, as most of the moisture has already been released as rain or snow.
Given the options, the correct answer is:
D. a dry climate.