The Declaration of Independence"

Question

by Thomas Jefferson

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government.

Answer 1

The Declaration of Independence, authored by Thomas Jefferson, is a foundational document that articulates the American colonies' rationale for seeking independence from British rule. In the excerpt provided, Jefferson addresses the necessity of separating from a government that no longer serves the interests or rights of the people. Here are the key themes and ideas:

1. Separation and Justification: Jefferson states that when a group of people finds it necessary to sever their political ties with another, they must explain their reasons. This sets a moral and philosophical foundation for their actions.

2. Self-Evident Truths: He famously declares that "all men are created equal," highlighting the inherent rights given to individuals—specifically, the rights to "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." This idea emphasizes the belief in equality and the legitimacy of individual rights.

3. Role of Government: Jefferson asserts that governments exist to protect these rights and derive their authority from the consent of the governed. If a government fails in this duty, the people not only have the right but also the responsibility to change it.

4. Prudence and Suffering: He acknowledges that people tend to endure hardships rather than take action against government abuses for minor grievances. Change, he suggests, should not be taken lightly; however, when abuses become systematic and oppressive, action is warranted.

5. Right to Revolution: Jefferson concludes by asserting that if a government becomes tyrannical—referred to as "absolute Despotism"—it is not only the right but the duty of the people to resist and establish a new government.

In summary, this document sets forth a compelling argument for self-determination and the just nature of revolution, grounded in Enlightenment principles of equality and rights. Its principles resonate throughout American history and highlight the importance of government accountability to the people.