The concepts of the “Separation of Powers” & “Checks & Balances” was taught by what philosopher?

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The concepts of "Separation of Powers" and "Checks and Balances" were primarily articulated by the French philosopher Montesquieu in his work "The Spirit of the Laws" (published in 1748). Montesquieu argued that political liberty is best protected when the government is divided into distinct branches that have separate powers and can check each other to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. This idea greatly influenced the framers of the United States Constitution and many other democratic systems around the world.