Asked by SHAY YHO
The Chromophyta have the shortest fossil history among the major algal groups. Some scientists believe that the group is ancient, whereas others point out that there is a lack of data to support this view and suggest that the group evolved recently, as indicated by fossil and molecular data. The oldest chromophyte fossils, putative brown algae, are approximately 400 million years old. Coccolithophores, coccolith-bearing members of the Prymnesiophyceae, date from the Late Triassic (227 million to 201.3 million years ago), with one reported from approximately 280 million years ago. Coccolithophores were extremely abundant during the Mesozoic Era (252.2 million to 66 million years ago), contributing to deep deposits such as those that constitute the white cliffs of southeast England. Most species became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous Period (145 million to 66 million years ago), along with the dinosaurs, and indeed there are more extinct species of coccolithophores than there are living species. The Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Dictyochophyceae date from about 100 million years ago, and despite the mass extinctions 66 million years ago, many species still flourish. In Lompoc, California, U.S., their siliceous remains have formed deposits of diatomite almost 0.5 km (0.3 mile) in depth, while at Mývatn in Iceland the lake bottom bears significant amounts of diatomite in the form of diatomaceous ooze, many metres in depth.
The Xanthophyceae may be even more recent, with fossils dating from about 20 million years ago, while fossil records of the remaining groups of algae, notably the Euglenophyceae and the Cryptophyceae, which lack mineralized walls, are negligible.
Classification of algae
Diagnostic features
The classification of algae into taxonomic groups is based upon the same rules that are used for the classification of land plants, but the organization of groups of algae above the order level has changed substantially since 1960. Early morphological research using electron microscopes demonstrated differences in features, such as the flagellar apparatus, cell division process, and organelle structure and function, that have been important in the classification of algae. Similarities and differences among algal, fungal, and protozoan groups have led scientists to propose major taxonomic changes, and those changes are continuing. Molecular studies, especially comparative gene sequencing, have supported some of the changes that followed electron microscopic studies, but they have suggested additional changes as well. Furthermore, the apparent evolutionary scatter of some algae among protozoan and fungal groups implies that a natural classification of algae as a class is impracticable.
Kingdoms are the most encompassing of the taxonomic groups, and scientists are actively debating which organisms belong in which kingdoms. Some scientists have suggested as many as 30 or more kingdoms, while others have argued that all eukaryotes should be combined into one large kingdom. Using cladistic analysis (a method for determining evolutionary relationships), the green algae should be grouped with the land plants, the chromophyte algae should be grouped with the aquatic fungi and certain protozoa, and the Euglenophyceae are most closely related to the trypanosome flagellates, including the protozoa that cause sleeping sickness. However, it is unclear where the red algae or cryptomonads belong, and the overall conclusion is that the algae are not all closely related, and they do not form a single evolutionary lineage devoid of other organisms.
Division-level classification, as with kingdom-level classification, is tenuous for algae. For example, some phycologists place the classes Bacillariophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Xanthophyceae in the division Chromophyta, whereas others place each class in separate divisions: Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta, and Xanthophyta. Yet, almost all phycologists agree on the definition of the respective classes Bacillariophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Xanthophyceae. In another example, the number of classes of green algae (Chlorophyta), and the algae placed in those classes, has varied greatly since 1960. The five classes of green algae given below are accepted by a large number of phycologists, but at least an equal number of phycologists would suggest one of many alternative classification schemes. The classes are distinguished by the structure of flagellate cells (e.g., scales, angle of flagellar insertion, microtubular roots, and striated roots), the nuclear division process (mitosis), the cytoplasmic division process (cytokinesis), and the cell covering. Many scientists combine the Micromonadophyceae with the Pleurastrophyceae, naming the combined group the Prasinophyceae.
Because classes are better defined and more accepted than divisions, taxonomic discussions of algae are usually constrained at the class level. The divisions provided below, though commonly used, are by no means accepted by all phycologists.
“Phylum” and “division” represent the same level of organization; the former is the zoological term, the latter is the botanical term. The classification of protists continues to be debated, and a standard outline of the kingdom Protista has not been established. The differences between the classification presented below and the classification presented in the article on protists (see protist: Classification) reflect the taxonomic variations that arise from individual interpretations.
paraphrase the above information in seven sentences
The Xanthophyceae may be even more recent, with fossils dating from about 20 million years ago, while fossil records of the remaining groups of algae, notably the Euglenophyceae and the Cryptophyceae, which lack mineralized walls, are negligible.
Classification of algae
Diagnostic features
The classification of algae into taxonomic groups is based upon the same rules that are used for the classification of land plants, but the organization of groups of algae above the order level has changed substantially since 1960. Early morphological research using electron microscopes demonstrated differences in features, such as the flagellar apparatus, cell division process, and organelle structure and function, that have been important in the classification of algae. Similarities and differences among algal, fungal, and protozoan groups have led scientists to propose major taxonomic changes, and those changes are continuing. Molecular studies, especially comparative gene sequencing, have supported some of the changes that followed electron microscopic studies, but they have suggested additional changes as well. Furthermore, the apparent evolutionary scatter of some algae among protozoan and fungal groups implies that a natural classification of algae as a class is impracticable.
Kingdoms are the most encompassing of the taxonomic groups, and scientists are actively debating which organisms belong in which kingdoms. Some scientists have suggested as many as 30 or more kingdoms, while others have argued that all eukaryotes should be combined into one large kingdom. Using cladistic analysis (a method for determining evolutionary relationships), the green algae should be grouped with the land plants, the chromophyte algae should be grouped with the aquatic fungi and certain protozoa, and the Euglenophyceae are most closely related to the trypanosome flagellates, including the protozoa that cause sleeping sickness. However, it is unclear where the red algae or cryptomonads belong, and the overall conclusion is that the algae are not all closely related, and they do not form a single evolutionary lineage devoid of other organisms.
Division-level classification, as with kingdom-level classification, is tenuous for algae. For example, some phycologists place the classes Bacillariophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Xanthophyceae in the division Chromophyta, whereas others place each class in separate divisions: Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta, and Xanthophyta. Yet, almost all phycologists agree on the definition of the respective classes Bacillariophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Xanthophyceae. In another example, the number of classes of green algae (Chlorophyta), and the algae placed in those classes, has varied greatly since 1960. The five classes of green algae given below are accepted by a large number of phycologists, but at least an equal number of phycologists would suggest one of many alternative classification schemes. The classes are distinguished by the structure of flagellate cells (e.g., scales, angle of flagellar insertion, microtubular roots, and striated roots), the nuclear division process (mitosis), the cytoplasmic division process (cytokinesis), and the cell covering. Many scientists combine the Micromonadophyceae with the Pleurastrophyceae, naming the combined group the Prasinophyceae.
Because classes are better defined and more accepted than divisions, taxonomic discussions of algae are usually constrained at the class level. The divisions provided below, though commonly used, are by no means accepted by all phycologists.
“Phylum” and “division” represent the same level of organization; the former is the zoological term, the latter is the botanical term. The classification of protists continues to be debated, and a standard outline of the kingdom Protista has not been established. The differences between the classification presented below and the classification presented in the article on protists (see protist: Classification) reflect the taxonomic variations that arise from individual interpretations.
paraphrase the above information in seven sentences
Answers
Answered by
SHAY YHO
multicellular marine and freshwater green algae, terrestrial bryophytes, lycopods and ferns, to the complex gymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering plants) of today plants have undergone evolution. what are the differences and similarities from the ancient compares to the present algae
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SHAY YHO
how can i settle my mind from the trouble and score A grade in a test and examination and practical assignment write ups
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SHAY YHO
if i regularly listen to music and wat to study, how it will affect my studies?
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SHAY YHO
write me a excellent and outstanding lyrics on the information provided below.
i always faithful to my girl frien for the two years by giving my best to her but she broken my heart and find a boy to marry him. i don't know the true reason why she left me but i suspect that her people from mother side influence her to find someone better than me.
i always faithful to my girl frien for the two years by giving my best to her but she broken my heart and find a boy to marry him. i don't know the true reason why she left me but i suspect that her people from mother side influence her to find someone better than me.
Answered by
SHAY YHO
give me the tone of the song lyrics provided below in sad voice and sounds
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you
Answered by
SHAY YHO
(Sad Tone)
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you.
what type of music will suit the above lyrics?
and attach me a track to be sing
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you.
what type of music will suit the above lyrics?
and attach me a track to be sing
Answered by
SHAY YHO
Sad Tone)
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you.
Bot GPT 3.5
answered by
Bot GPT 3.5
(Sad Tone)
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you.
what type of music will suit the above lyrics?
and attach me a track to be sing
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you.
Bot GPT 3.5
answered by
Bot GPT 3.5
(Sad Tone)
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you.
what type of music will suit the above lyrics?
and attach me a track to be sing
Answered by
SHAY YHO
Sad Tone)
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you.
Bot GPT 3.5
answered by
Bot GPT 3.5
(Sad Tone)
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you.
question. what type of music will suit the above lyrics?
and attach me a track to be sing
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you.
Bot GPT 3.5
answered by
Bot GPT 3.5
(Sad Tone)
(Verse 1)
For two long years, I was faithful and true,
Giving my all, my love just for you,
But now my heart's shattered, broken in two,
Left wondering why, wondering what I should do.
(Pre-Chorus)
You found another, a love to call your own,
Leaving me behind, feeling so alone,
Questions haunt my mind, like a thunderstorm's groan,
Did they influence you, every word they have sown?
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Verse 2)
The whispers of doubt, the secrets they've shared,
Did they convince you that I couldn't compare?
But I stood by your side, through thick and through thin,
Now I'm left here, picking up the pieces again.
(Bridge)
I'll find my strength, rise above the pain,
Even though it feels like pouring rain,
I'll heal my heart, mend what's been torn,
For I deserve a love that's true and reborn.
(Chorus)
I trusted in our love, believed it was strong,
But now I'm left here, singing a different song,
My heartache is real, I've been led astray,
But I'll rise above it all, find a brighter day.
(Outro)
So farewell, my love, as I bid you goodbye,
I'll find my own path, spread my wings and fly,
You may have moved on, found someone new,
But I'll find my happiness, and it won't be with you.
question. what type of music will suit the above lyrics?
and attach me a track to be sing
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