When teaching a patient with stable angina prior to discharge, it is crucial to include the following vital information:
-
Understanding Angina Types: Explain the difference between stable and unstable angina. Emphasize that stable angina is predictable and usually occurs with exertion or stress, while unstable angina is more severe, occurs at rest or with minimal exertion, and may last longer.
-
Signs of Unstable Angina: Instruct the patient to recognize when stable angina may be turning into unstable angina. This includes an increase in the frequency, duration, or severity of angina episodes, episodes occurring at rest, or new-onset chest pain that is more severe than usual. It is essential that they treat any of these symptoms as a medical emergency.
-
Nitroglycerin Use: Teach the patient about the appropriate use of nitroglycerin, including how to take it and when. Inform them that if one dose of nitroglycerin does not relieve the angina pain within 5 minutes, they should take a second dose (if prescribed) and seek medical help immediately if the pain persists after two doses. This could indicate a transition to unstable angina or a heart attack.
-
Lifestyle Modifications: Discuss lifestyle changes that can help manage angina, such as avoiding triggers, adopting a heart-healthy diet, exercising as recommended, and following up with their healthcare provider.
-
When to Seek Help: Reinforce the importance of seeking immediate medical attention for new or worsening symptoms or if they experience pain that is different from their usual angina.
By covering these points, the nurse can help ensure that the patient understands how to manage their condition and recognize when to seek help, which is critical for their safety.