The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins. Each amino acid has a specific side chain, known as the R group, which determines its unique properties. The sequence and number of amino acids in a protein ultimately define its structure and function. Proteins play essential roles in virtually all biological processes, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, replicating DNA, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules.
The building blocks or proteins are:
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