The building blocks of proteins are Amino Acids. Proteins are polymers made up of one or more chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
The other substances you mentioned are building blocks of different types of biological macromolecules:
- Fatty Acids are the building blocks of lipids (fats and oils).
- Sugars are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
- Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids (such as DNA and RNA).
So, to clarify:
- Building blocks of proteins: Amino Acids
- Building blocks of lipids: Fatty Acids
- Building blocks of carbohydrates: Sugars
- Building blocks of nucleic acids: Nucleotides