The Berlin Conference established the borders of North African countries including Egypt, Libya, and Sudan. The

Question

landscape of these countries influenced the types of boundaries imposed by the European colonial powers. Which of
the following boundary types best explains the influence of landscape on the political borders of the North African
region?
(A) Antecedent, based on tribal cultural boundaries that existed before European colonization
(B) Subsequent, with smaller buffer states placed between larger states to prevent political conflicts
(C) Consequent, accounting for local differences in language and religion during European colonization
(D) Natural, with irregular lines, accounting for regional physical features such as mountains or water bodies
(E) Geometric, with straight lines, disregarding physical features or tribal cultural differences of the areas
2. The former international border between East Germany and West Germany is best described as
(A) an open border
(B) a demilitarized zone
(C) a relict boundary
(D) an antecedent boundary
(E) a geometric boundary
3. Culturally defined political boundaries, such as those determined by the spatial patterns of religion or language, are
called
(A) consequent
(B) geometric
(C) relict
(D) natural
(E) antecedent