The belief that sugar causes hyperactivity is the most popular example of how people believe that food influences behavior.

a. Many parents, witnessing the aftermath of cake and ice cream at birthday parties, attest to the relationship between sugar and hyperactivity. Are these observational studies or experiments? Explain.
b. Name the confounding variable to the above and explain how it is confounded to sugar.
c. Design a study to allow a parent to determine whether sugar causes hyperactivity in their child and explain why double binding is so important here.

3 answers

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I am having trouble identifying the confounding variable.
Is the confounding variable the excitement of being with other kids at the party?

"In statistics, a confounder (also confounding variable, confounding factor or lurking variable) is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable causing a spurious association. Confounding is a causal concept, and as such, cannot be described in terms of correlations or associations."
Confounding - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding