The Articles of Confederation, which served as the first constitution of the United States, involved a variety of key individuals and groups, including:
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Founding Fathers: Prominent figures such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison played significant roles in the movement towards creating a stronger national government after realizing the weaknesses of the Articles.
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Continental Congress: This assembly of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies was responsible for adopting the Articles in 1781. The delegates, representing various states and interests, debated and reached consensus on issues related to governance.
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State Governments: Each of the Thirteen Colonies (later states) had its own government and was deeply invested in how power was allocated between state and federal authorities. The states had differing interests based on their size, economy, and population, which influenced how they interacted with the Articles.
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Supporters and Critics: There were factions that supported the Articles, believing they provided a necessary framework for the new nation, and those who criticized them for being too weak to unify the states or effectively address economic and political issues, leading to calls for reform.
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Citizens and Society: The general population, including farmers, merchants, and soldiers, were directly affected by the limitations of the Articles, particularly in terms of trade regulation, taxation, and defense. Their experiences and dissatisfaction with the Articles contributed to the push for a new constitution.
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Shays' Rebellion Participants: In 1786-1787, this armed uprising by farmers in Massachusetts highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles, particularly in federal response to rebellion and disorder, showcasing the need for a stronger central government.
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Ratifying Conventions: As the push for a new Constitution gained momentum, state ratifying conventions became a battleground for debates about governance, showcasing both public sentiment and political divisions regarding the Articles and the proposed Constitution.
Overall, the process and eventual replacement of the Articles of Confederation involved a complex interplay of political leaders, state interests, societal concerns, and public sentiment.