The two pieces of evidence from the passage that support the connection that Large Blue caterpillars do not pose a significant threat to the oregano plant are:
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"Large Blue caterpillars only gain 1 to 2 percent of their body weight by nibbling on the oregano leaves during the early stages of life."
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"And though Myrmica might lose individual battles to the butterflies, the ants are invasive enough that their total populations aren’t at risk of being harmed by the butterflies."
These statements indicate that the caterpillars' consumption of oregano leaves is minimal and that the butterflies do not significantly impact the overall health or population of the oregano plants.