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y = 4x + [5/sin x], (−π, π)

concave upward (x,y)-
concave downward (x,y)-

1 answer

y = 4x + [5/sin x]
= 4x + 5cscx

y' = 4 - 5 cscx cotx
y" = 5/2 csc^3(x) (cos(2x)+3)

cos(2x)+3 is always positive.

on (0,π) csc^3 > 0, so, y is concave up.
similarly, y is concave down on (-π,0)