Temperature and Particle Movement: In solids, the particles vibrate in fixed positions and have low kinetic energy. As temperature increases, particle movement becomes more vigorous, eventually allowing them to overcome some of the forces holding them in place and transitioning into the liquid state. In liquids, particles move freely but are still close together; increasing temperature causes them to move faster and may lead to vaporization into gas, where particles move independently and rapidly. In gases, particles move freely and spread apart, and increasing temperature increases their speed and energy.

Question

Phase Changes through Energy Transfer: Adding energy (heat) to matter increases the kinetic energy of its particles, allowing them to overcome intermolecular forces and change from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to gas (vaporization). Conversely, removing energy slows down the particles, causing them to come closer together and transition from gas to liquid (condensation) or from liquid to solid (freezing).
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Answer 1

Temperature and Particle Movement: In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions with low energy. As temperature rises, they move more vigorously and can transition to a liquid state. In liquids, particles are close but move freely; higher temperatures can lead to vaporization into gas, where particles move rapidly and independently.

Phase Changes through Energy Transfer: Adding heat increases the kinetic energy of particles, leading to melting (solid to liquid) and vaporization (liquid to gas). Removing heat slows particles down, causing condensation (gas to liquid) and freezing (liquid to solid).