To calculate the surface area of a cube, you can use the formula:
\[ \text{Surface Area} = 6s^2 \]
where \( s \) is the length of a side of the cube.
In this case, the edge length \( s \) is 12 inches. Plugging that into the formula:
\[ \text{Surface Area} = 6(12)^2 \] \[ = 6 \times 144 \] \[ = 864 \text{ square inches} \]
So, the surface area of the cube is 864 square inches.