In the scenario where a house plant is sealed in a transparent glass container, the factor that would most likely lead to the plant's death is a lack of light.
While the plant would initially benefit from the carbon dioxide produced during the day and oxygen produced during photosynthesis, if there is insufficient light (especially in the absence of supplemental artificial light), the plant will be unable to photosynthesize effectively. This would ultimately lead to its demise.
Over time, a sealed container may also lead to a lack of carbon dioxide as the plant consumes it during photosynthesis, but inadequate light is the critical factor for sustaining the plant's life.