To determine which result would support the sub-hypothesis that wing waving alone reduces predation by jumping spiders, we need to consider how each option relates to the idea of wing waving being a deterrent to predation.
A. Zonosemata flies with housefly wings are attacked less frequently.
This suggests that the wing structure of houseflies is somehow less appealing or effective in preventing attacks, but it does not specifically support the idea of wing waving by Zonosemata being a protective behavior.
B. Zonosemata flies with their own wings cut and reglued are attacked less frequently.
If the original wings are modified yet the flies still have some semblance of their natural wing structure (including the waving behavior), this result could indicate that the behavior (wing waving) continues to confer some protection even with altered wings. However, if the wings are not functional for waving, it may not support the hypothesis adequately.
C. Houseflies with Zonosemata wings are attacked less frequently.
This result would suggest that the wing structure of Zonosemata, regardless of behavior, provides some protection against predation. However, it doesn't specifically support the role of wing waving in reducing predation.
In summary, the best supporting evidence for the sub-hypothesis that wing waving alone reduces predation would be indicated by the features of the flies being studied and their behaviors. Therefore, none of the provided options strongly confirm the role of wing waving alone in reducing predation. However, option B is the closest to supporting the hypothesis, if it remains clear that some form of wing waving is preserved after alteration.
Ultimately, the specific function of wing waving in this context needs to be clearly isolated in experimental conditions to fully substantiate the hypothesis.
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