Suppose a study finds that the correlation coefficient relating family income and SAT scores is r = +0.98. Which of the following are proper conclusions?

Question

I. Poverty causes low SAT scores

II. Wealth causes high SAT scores

III. There is a very strong association between family income and SAT scores



I only

II only

III only

I and II only

II and III only

Answer 1

III only. Correlation coefficients do not indicate causality, only a relationship.

Answer 2

Only lll