The female reproductive system consists of several key anatomical structures:
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Ovaries: These are two small, almond-shaped organs that produce eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
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Fallopian Tubes: These are thin tubes extending from the ovaries to the uterus. They facilitate the transport of eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and serve as the site for fertilization.
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Uterus: A muscular, hollow organ where fetal development occurs. It has three layers: the endometrium (inner lining), myometrium (muscular layer), and perimetrium (outer covering).
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Cervix: The lower part of the uterus that connects it to the vagina. It acts as a passage for sperm to enter the uterus and as a barrier during pregnancy, producing mucus that can change in consistency throughout the menstrual cycle.
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Vagina: A muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the external genitalia. It serves multiple purposes, including the expulsion of menstrual fluid, the birth canal, and the passage for sexual intercourse.
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External Genitalia (Vulva): This includes the mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, and vaginal opening. These structures protect the internal reproductive organs and play a role in sexual arousal and pleasure.
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Mammary Glands: While not part of the reproductive system, they are associated with it and are responsible for milk production during lactation.
Each structure plays a vital role in reproduction, hormone regulation, and overall reproductive health.