The lytic cycle is a viral reproductive process that results in the destruction of the host cell. Here are its main stages:
- Attachment: The virus binds to specific receptors on the surface of a susceptible host cell.
- Penetration: The viral genetic material (DNA or RNA) is injected into the host cell, while the viral capsid remains outside.
- Replication: The host cell's machinery is hijacked to replicate the viral genome and produce viral proteins.
- Assembly: New viral particles (virions) are assembled from the replicated genetic material and proteins inside the host cell.
- Lysis: The host cell is lysed (broken open), releasing newly assembled virions to infect other cells.
This cycle often leads to rapid spread of the virus, as it exploits the host's cellular machinery to propagate itself.