Sumer is important in world history because it was
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one of the earliest civilizations in the world. Located in the southernmost part of Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (modern day Iraq), Sumer is considered the birthplace of many aspects of modern civilization. They developed one of the first written languages (cuneiform), advanced agricultural techniques, early forms of mathematics and astronomy, centralized political structures, monumental architecture, and complex religious beliefs. They also invented the wheel, the plow, and the sailboat. These innovations had a significant influence on subsequent civilizations and continue to shape the world today.