sumarrise this in one setnece only about the adult hemo globin Structure and genetics of hemoglobin

Question

With the exception of embryonic hemoglobins present in early fetal life, hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein consisting of two alpha (α) and two nonalpha polypeptide chains attached to four iron-containing heme complexes. All normal hemoglobins of adult life contain two α chains, with different types of hemoglobin varying in the structure of the nonalpha chain pairs. These types of chains include epsilon ɛ (embryonic hemoglobins), gamma γ (fetal hemoglobin F), beta β (hemoglobin A), and delta δ (hemoglobin A2).

Adult red cells contain mixes of hemoglobin A (α2β2, approximately 95%–98%), hemoglobin A2 (α2δ2, about 2%–3%), and hemoglobin F (α2γ2, less than 2%). In the neonate, the predominant hemoglobin is hemoglobin F, with the proportion of hemoglobin A superseding that of hemoglobin F during early infancy. In adults, hemoglobin F is usually limited to a population of erythrocytes known as F cells.

The alleles coding for the polypeptides are codominant, so chain production is the result of the combined expression of all alleles. Genetic coding for the alpha chains is stored in four codominant alleles paired on chromosome 16. The nonalpha chains are coded by two codominant alleles located in a cluster of beta-genes on chromosome 11, the various genes within this cluster coding for different non-alpha chains. The four hemoglobin polypeptides are thus encoded by six alleles, two nonalpha and four alpha alleles.

Answer 1

Adult hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein composed of two alpha and two nonalpha chains, with the specific nonalpha chains varying to form different hemoglobin types, encoded by codominant alleles on chromosomes 16 and 11.