Study the following diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Question

Fig 4: Diagram showing a biological process.
Question 2.1.1 [1 mark]
Which process is the opposite of the one illustrated in the diagram?
Question 2.1.2 [5 marks]
Draw a diagram of the organelle where the process of photosynthesis occurs.
Provide at least FOUR labels for your drawing.
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Question 2.1.3 [9 marks]
List and extensively describe the factors that limit the rate of photosynthesis.
Question 2.2 [13 marks]
Study the following diagram and answer the questions that follow.
Fig 5: Diagram showing a biological structure.
Question 2.2.1 [2 marks]
What shape is the above structure?
Question 2.2.2 [2 marks]
What is the function of the structure in the diagram above?
Question 2.2.3 [1 mark]
What controls the opening and closing of this structure in the diagram?
Question 2.2.4 [4 marks]
During which time of day would these structures open and close? Justify your
answer.
Question 2.2.5 [2 marks]
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Name the structure in the diagram, and state where in the plant it is located.
Question 2.2.6 [2 marks]
The structures in Figure 5 above contain very important organelles where
photosynthesis takes place. Identify these organelles and state the pigment
found in them.
Question 2.3 [10 marks]
Study the diagram below which shows the human digestive system and answer
the questions that follow.
Fig 6: Diagram showing the human digestive system.
Question 2.3.1 [4 marks]
Provide labels for the following parts A, B, F and H.
Question 2.3.2 [3 marks]
Write the letter of the part that:
(a) Stores bile.
(b) Stores faecal material that has been digested in the large intestine.
(c) Secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.
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Question 2.3.3 [3 marks]
Identify THREE organic nutrients important for a balanced diet.
Question 2.4 [10 marks]
Read the article below and answer the questions that follow.
Why Are Teens So Stressed?
Simply being a teenager can be hard. Your body is changing. You may be grappling
with your sexuality or gender identity. Add to that the academic demands of high
school and throw in the pressures of social media, and the tension mounts.
“Some of the common triggers of stress in teens might be anxiety to perform well in
academics such as getting into a good college, peer pressure, interpersonal
relationships, or body image issues,” says Sakshi Khurana, Research Fellow at
Harvard’s Weisz Lab for Youth Mental Health. “Other larger issues that the world is
going through — for example, climate change or war— might also act as stressors for
teens as they are learning about the world.”
The most common source of stress for high school students, according to the 2017
APA Stress survey, is the school itself, with about 83 percent of teens identifying the
school as a major stressor. The second biggest source of student stress, (according to
69 percent of students), was getting into a good college or deciding what to do after
high school. The third biggest teen stress was financial concerns for the family (65
percent of students).
Here’s a quick breakdown of broad categories of factors that may stress you out:
Academics. In high school, not only are you worried about next week’s English,
History or Life Sciences exam, but you’re also worried about applying to college
and taking the entrance tests, too. It can all feel overwhelming, and you may
feel pressure to please your parents and teachers.
Social Stress. Even without the pressures of academics, life in high school can
be demanding. Dealing with friends and classmates, starting new romantic
relationships, and handling bullies and peer pressure both online and off, can
be a lot to handle.
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Family Issues. If your parents are divorcing, if your family is experiencing
financial problems, or even if you just have trouble getting along with siblings,
your stress levels can go up.
Trauma. Dramatic life events ranging from a death in the family to an
accident, to emotional and physical abuse, can cause stress. Also in this
category, you can include the collective trauma of global events such as school
shootings, terrorism, and natural disasters.
Big Life Changes. Changes like moving and starting a new school can be a
major stress for teens.
Harvard University (2020). Managing stress in high school
Question 2.4.1 [2 marks]
What do you think is the most effective technique to reduce stress?
Question 2.4.2 [3 marks]
Based on the article, what are the THREE main sources of stress?
Question 2.4.3 [2 marks]
From the passage above, identify TWO broad categories that may stress a
teenager coming from a disadvantaged background.
Question 2.4.4 [3 marks]
In your opinion, can stress lead to death? Justify your answer.

Answer 1

Sure! Here are the answers to the questions provided:

Question 2.1.1

Which process is the opposite of the one illustrated in the diagram?

• The opposite process of photosynthesis is cellular respiration.

Question 2.1.2

Draw a diagram of the organelle where the process of photosynthesis occurs. Provide at least FOUR labels for your drawing. (Note: As I cannot draw directly, I will describe a typical chloroplast diagram and its labels.)

A typical diagram of a chloroplast can include:

• Outer Membrane
• Inner Membrane
• Thylakoid Membranes
• Stroma
• Granum (stack of thylakoids)

Question 2.1.3

List and extensively describe the factors that limit the rate of photosynthesis.

1. Light Intensity: Photosynthesis is light-dependent; insufficient light reduces the rate of the process. Higher light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis until a saturation point is reached, beyond which no further increases occur.

2. Carbon Dioxide Concentration: CO₂ is one of the raw materials for photosynthesis. A lower concentration limits the reactions in the Calvin cycle, reducing the overall rate. Higher concentrations can enhance photosynthesis until other factors become limiting.

3. Temperature: Photosynthesis involves enzyme reactions, which are sensitive to temperature. There is an optimal temperature range; too low slows the reaction rates, while too high can denature enzymes, leading to decreased photosynthesis.

4. Water Availability: Water is also a reactant in photosynthesis. Drought conditions can lead to stomatal closure, reducing CO₂ uptake and significantly limiting photosynthesis.

5. Chlorophyll Content: The amount of chlorophyll affects the plant's ability to capture light for photosynthesis. A deficiency of chlorophyll reduces the available energy for the photosynthetic machinery.

Question 2.2.1

What shape is the above structure?

• The structure is typically bean-shaped (if it refers to stomata or guard cells) or similar depending on the exact structure in question.

Question 2.2.2

What is the function of the structure in the diagram above?

• The function is to regulate gas exchange (CO₂ and O₂) and transpiration in plants.

Question 2.2.3

What controls the opening and closing of this structure in the diagram?

• The opening and closing of this structure is controlled by guard cells that respond to environmental signals.

Question 2.2.4

During which time of day would these structures open and close? Justify your answer.

• Open during the day (daytime) when light is available, to allow CO₂ to enter for photosynthesis, and typically close at night to minimize water loss as photosynthesis ceases in the absence of light.

Question 2.2.5

Name the structure in the diagram, and state where in the plant it is located.

• The structure is called a stoma (plural: stomata), and it is located on the underside of leaves (typically).

Question 2.2.6

The structures in Figure 5 above contain very important organelles where photosynthesis takes place. Identify these organelles and state the pigment found in them.

• The organelles are chloroplasts, and the pigment found in them is chlorophyll.

Question 2.3.1

Provide labels for the following parts A, B, F and H. (Note: I cannot see the diagram, but typically, the labels can be:)

• A: Esophagus
• B: Stomach
• F: Large intestine
• H: Rectum

Question 2.3.2

Write the letter of the part that (a) Stores bile: (typically Gallbladder) (b) Stores faecal material that has been digested in the large intestine: (typically the Rectum) (c) Secretes hormones and digestive enzymes: (typically the Pancreas)

Question 2.3.3

Identify THREE organic nutrients important for a balanced diet.

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids (Fats)

Question 2.4.1

What do you think is the most effective technique to reduce stress?

• Mindfulness or meditation has been shown to effectively reduce stress by promoting relaxation and a focus on the present moment.

Question 2.4.2

Based on the article, what are the THREE main sources of stress?

1. School-related pressures
2. Academic performance and college admissions
3. Family financial concerns

Question 2.4.3

From the passage above, identify TWO broad categories that may stress a teenager coming from a disadvantaged background.

1. Family Issues (such as financial problems)
2. Social Stress (such as dealing with bullying or peer pressure)

Question 2.4.4

In your opinion, can stress lead to death? Justify your answer.

• Yes, chronic stress can lead to serious health complications, such as heart disease, hypertension, and mental health issues, all of which can increase the risk of mortality if not managed properly over time.

If you need further refinement or any additional information, feel free to ask!