To effectively test how temperature affects the brightness of light sticks, the students should collect data that directly measures the intensity of light over a specific timeframe. Among the given options, the best choice is:
C. the intensity of light given off by the sticks after 10 minutes
This option allows for a comparative analysis of how the brightness (intensity of light) varies at different temperatures, which is the primary focus of their experiment. The intensity measured should provide insights into the relationship between temperature and the brightness of the light sticks.