For the first question regarding the necessity of John paying to two authorities, the correct answer is:
c Taxation is a concurrent power.
This is because both federal and state governments have the authority to levy taxes, which is termed as concurrent powers.
For the second question about the principles established by the Supreme Court ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland, the correct answers are:
- a Supremacy of the federal government
- b Necessary and Proper powers
- c Implied powers
In this landmark case, the Court upheld the supremacy of federal laws over state laws and recognized the federal government's implied powers based on the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution. The other options, g Imminent Domain and d Full Faith and Credit, are concepts not specifically related to this case.