State and explain the three (3) types of evaluation. (6)

Answer 1

Evaluation can be categorized into three main types, each serving a distinct purpose and approach in the assessment of programs, projects, or practices. Here is a brief explanation of each type:

1. Formative Evaluation:

   • Definition: Formative evaluation occurs during the development or early implementation phases of a program or project.
   • Purpose: Its primary aim is to provide feedback to improve the design and performance of the initiative. It helps identify strengths and weaknesses, allowing for adjustments before full-scale implementation.
   • Methods: This type of evaluation often involves qualitative methods such as interviews, focus groups, and surveys to gather insights from participants and stakeholders. Continuous monitoring and assessment of various components also characterize formative evaluation.

2. Summative Evaluation:

   • Definition: Summative evaluation is conducted after a program or project has been completed or has reached a significant milestone.
   • Purpose: Its main objective is to assess the overall effectiveness, impact, and outcomes of the initiative. It aims to determine whether the program met its goals and objectives and to provide evidence for decision-making regarding future funding or continuation.
   • Methods: This evaluation typically uses quantitative methods such as outcome measurements, tests, and standardized assessments. It often involves statistical analysis to evaluate the results and draw conclusions about the program's success.

3. Process Evaluation:

   • Definition: Process evaluation focuses on the implementation of a program or project rather than its outcomes.
   • Purpose: The aim is to understand how a program is delivered, the quality of implementation, and the extent to which it adheres to the intended design. This type of evaluation provides insights into the dynamics of the program, including participant engagement, resource allocation, and delivery methods.
   • Methods: It employs various methods like observations, interviews, and documentation review to assess the fidelity and achievement of the program's components. Process evaluation helps stakeholders understand what works, what doesn’t, and why.

Understanding these types of evaluation is essential for effective program management and decision-making, facilitating continuous improvement and accountability.