To factor the quadratic equation \( x^2 - 8x - 20 = 0 \), we need to find two numbers that multiply to \(-20\) (the constant term) and add to \(-8\) (the coefficient of \(x\)).
The pair of numbers that meets these criteria is \(-10\) and \(2\) since:
\[ -10 \times 2 = -20 \] \[ -10 + 2 = -8 \]
Thus, we can factor the equation as:
\[ (x - 10)(x + 2) = 0 \]
So, the correct choice from the options provided is:
D: (x - 10)(x + 2) = 0