Solve 1 over x-5 = 1 over x+3 plus x-1 over x^2-2x-15

1 answer

To solve the equation

\[ \frac{1}{x - 5} = \frac{1}{x + 3} + \frac{x - 1}{x^2 - 2x - 15}, \]

we first factor the quadratic in the denominator of the third term:

\[ x^2 - 2x - 15 = (x - 5)(x + 3). \]

Thus, we can rewrite the equation as:

\[ \frac{1}{x - 5} = \frac{1}{x + 3} + \frac{x - 1}{(x - 5)(x + 3)}. \]

Next, let's combine the right-hand side into a single fraction. The common denominator on the right side is \((x - 5)(x + 3)\):

\[ \frac{1}{x + 3} = \frac{x - 5}{(x - 5)(x + 3)}, \]

therefore,

\[ \frac{1}{x + 3} + \frac{x - 1}{(x - 5)(x + 3)} = \frac{x - 5 + (x - 1)}{(x - 5)(x + 3)} = \frac{2x - 6}{(x - 5)(x + 3)}. \]

Now we have:

\[ \frac{1}{x - 5} = \frac{2x - 6}{(x - 5)(x + 3)}. \]

Next, we can cross-multiply to eliminate the denominators:

\[ 1 \cdot (x - 5)(x + 3) = (2x - 6)(x - 5). \]

Expanding both sides:

Left-hand side:

\[ (x - 5)(x + 3) = x^2 + 3x - 5x - 15 = x^2 - 2x - 15. \]

Right-hand side:

\[ (2x - 6)(x - 5) = 2x^2 - 10x - 6x + 30 = 2x^2 - 16x + 30. \]

Setting both sides equal gives:

\[ x^2 - 2x - 15 = 2x^2 - 16x + 30. \]

Now, let's rearrange everything to one side of the equation:

\[ 0 = 2x^2 - 16x + 30 - x^2 + 2x + 15. \]

Combining like terms:

\[ 0 = x^2 - 14x + 45. \]

Now we will solve the quadratic equation \(x^2 - 14x + 45 = 0\). We can factor it as:

\[ (x - 9)(x - 5) = 0. \]

Thus, the solutions are:

\[ x - 9 = 0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad x = 9, \] \[ x - 5 = 0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad x = 5. \]

However, we need to check for extraneous solutions. Substituting \(x = 5\) back into the original equation shows that it results in a division by zero, which is undefined. Therefore, \(x = 5\) is not a valid solution.

Only valid solution:

\[ \boxed{9}. \]