Layer 4 refers to the Transport Layer in the OSI model, which is responsible for the end-to-end communication between the source and destination hosts. Here are some traits and functions associated with Layer 4:
1. Protocols: Layer 4 primarily works with protocols like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). TCP ensures reliable and ordered connection-oriented communication, while UDP provides connectionless and unreliable communication.
2. Segmentation and Reassembly: Layer 4 divides data from the higher layer into segments and reassembles them at the receiving end. This process enables efficient transmission and ensures that large data streams can be handled effectively.
3. Flow Control: Layer 4 employs flow control mechanisms to manage the rate of data transmission between two hosts. It prevents overwhelming the recipient by adjusting the pace of data transfer based on the receiver's capability.
4. Error Checking: Layer 4 ensures data integrity through error detection and retransmission mechanisms. TCP performs error checking using checksums to verify data accuracy, and if errors are detected, it requests retransmission of the corrupt segment.
5. Port Numbers: Layer 4 assigns port numbers to differentiate different processes or services running on the same host. These port numbers enable multiplexing and demultiplexing of data at the transport layer.
6. Connection Establishment and Termination: TCP allows the establishment and termination of connections using a three-way handshake mechanism. This ensures that both ends are ready for data transfer and provides reliability during the session.
In summary, Layer 4 handles the logical end-to-end communication between hosts, ensuring reliable data transfer, error detection, flow control, and connection management.
so the following is true about layer 4
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