To simplify the expression \(-\frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{3}\), we first need to find a common denominator.
The denominators are 4 and 3. The least common multiple (LCM) of 4 and 3 is 12.
Next, we convert each fraction to have the common denominator of 12:
\[ -\frac{3}{4} = -\frac{3 \times 3}{4 \times 3} = -\frac{9}{12} \]
\[ \frac{1}{3} = \frac{1 \times 4}{3 \times 4} = \frac{4}{12} \]
Now we can rewrite the original expression:
\[ -\frac{9}{12} + \frac{4}{12} = \frac{-9 + 4}{12} = \frac{-5}{12} \]
Thus, the simplified expression is:
\[ \boxed{-\frac{5}{12}} \]
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