To simplify the expression \( 3(x - 8y) - 2(5x - 4y) \), start by distributing the constants outside the parentheses:
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Distribute \( 3 \) into \( (x - 8y) \): \[ 3(x - 8y) = 3x - 24y \]
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Distribute \( -2 \) into \( (5x - 4y) \): \[ -2(5x - 4y) = -10x + 8y \]
Now, substitute back into the expression: \[ 3x - 24y - 10x + 8y \]
Next, combine like terms. For the \( x \) terms: \[ 3x - 10x = -7x \]
For the \( y \) terms: \[ -24y + 8y = -16y \]
Thus, putting it all together: \[ -7x - 16y \]
Therefore, the simplified expression is: \[ \boxed{-7x - 16y} \]