The brain is made up of numerous neurons, which are the basic building blocks of the brain. Neurons communicate via electrical impulses and chemical signals, connecting different brain areas and relaying information to the rest of the nervous system. Each neuron has three main parts: a cell body, a long axon (projection), and many dendrites (tiny branches). In adults, neurons form many connections, known as grey matter, which help coordinate thoughts, emotions, movements, and sensations. A complex network of neurons links the brain to the body, enabling rapid communication. When we think, feel, or perceive, electrical signals travel along neural circuits from one neuron to another.
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The brain contains countless neurons (nerve cells), the fundamental units of the
brain. Neurons use electrical impulses and chemical signals to transmit information
between different areas of the brain, and between the brain and the rest of the nervous
system. Each neuron consists of three parts — a cell body, a longish projection called
an axon, and thousands of tiny branches called dendrites, which themselves split into
smaller sections, like the root system of a plant. In the adult brain, each neuron has many
connections (see Figure 3.4). Collectively, neurons and their projections are called the
grey matter of the brain. These neurons are arranged in patterns that coordinate thought,
emotion, movement, and sensation.
A complicated pathway system of neurons connects the brain to the rest of the
body so that communication can occur in split seconds. When we think, feel, or perceive
something, these electrical impulses or signals are carried along a neural circuit — they
leave one neuron through its axon and enter the receiving neuron through its dendrites
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