There is a common denominator so you simply add them to get
(a^3 + a)/(a+1)^2
One of the basic restriction we have in arithmetic is that we cannot divide by zero
there are divisions of (a+1) in each of your terms, so you have to ask yourself,
"When is a+1 equal to zero"?
the answer is clearly a = -1
so the restriction is that a cannot be equal to -1
simplify and state the restrictions on the variables.
a^3/(a+1)^2 + a/(a+1)^2
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