Should i use the word by, of, as..in this sentence?

Question

John doesn’t know who or what to believe, for he has never experienced the cruelties by white people, like his father had.

Answer 1

John doesn’t know who or what to believe, for he has never experienced the cruelties of white people, as his father had.

or

John doesn’t know who or what to believe, for he has never experienced cruel treatment by white people, as his father had.