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Select the statement that does not explain a component of a thermodynamic system.

A) Matter is not a component of a thermodynamic system.
B) Internal energy is not a component of a thermodynamic system.
C) A boundary is not a component of a thermodynamic system.
D) Surroundings are not a component of a thermodynamic system.

5 answers

All of the provided statements incorrectly claim that certain components are not part of a thermodynamic system.

The correct selection among these options, therefore, is:

A) Matter is not a component of a thermodynamic system.

In fact, matter is a critical component of many thermodynamic systems, especially those that involve physical and chemical processes.

Select the statement that is not accurate about a closed system.

A) A closed system is characterized by a permeable membrane.
B) In a closed system, mass of the system is conserved.
C) In a closed system, internal energy can change.
D) In a closed system, it is less common in natural systems.

The statement that is not accurate about a closed system is:

A) A closed system is characterized by a permeable membrane.

In a closed system, mass cannot enter or leave the system; thus, it is typically characterized by an impermeable boundary or membrane, allowing for energy exchange (in the form of heat and work) but not mass exchange.

Select the statement(s) that are true about thermodynamic systems.

A) Internal energy is conserved in a closed system.
B) Internal energy and mass is conserved in an isolated system.
C) Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy present in all systems containing matter.
D) Two systems must have different temperatures for heat transfer to occur.
E) Temperature is the measure of how much thermal energy is present in a system.

Let's evaluate each statement about thermodynamic systems:

A) Internal energy is conserved in a closed system.

  • This statement is partially true. While the total internal energy of a closed system may change due to work done on or by the system or due to heat transfer, the mass of the system remains constant. So, while internal energy can be conserved under certain conditions (like in an adiabatic process), it is not universally conserved.

B) Internal energy and mass is conserved in an isolated system.

  • This statement is true. In an isolated system, neither mass nor energy (including internal energy) can be exchanged with the surroundings. Therefore, both mass and internal energy are conserved.

C) Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy present in all systems containing matter.

  • This statement is not entirely accurate. Thermal energy refers to the energy that is associated with the temperature of a system due to the random motion of particles. While it relates to kinetic energy at the molecular level, it is not entirely correct to classify it solely as a type of kinetic energy.

D) Two systems must have different temperatures for heat transfer to occur.

  • This statement is true. Heat transfer occurs from a hotter system (higher temperature) to a cooler system (lower temperature) until thermal equilibrium is reached.

E) Temperature is the measure of how much thermal energy is present in a system.

  • This statement is not precise. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system, but it does not directly measure the total thermal energy, which also depends on the amount of matter in the system.

Based on this evaluation, the true statements are:

  • B
  • D