The most relevant response is:
Political changes included the rise of European monarchies and changes in the balance of power in Europe. Economic changes included a rebalance of economic power due to a human labor shortage.
This response effectively highlights how the consolidation of power among monarchs and shifting political dynamics contributed to a drive for exploration and colonization, along with economic factors such as the labor shortages that arose from events like the Black Death, which prompted the search for new resources and markets.