The two situations that would most likely cause cultural diffusion are:
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A country experiencing an increase in industrial productivity - This often leads to increased interaction with other cultures through trade, migration, and the movement of ideas and practices.
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A region enduring a prolonged period of drought and famine - Such conditions can lead to migration as people move to seek food and resources, which can facilitate the spread of cultural practices between different groups.
The other options are less likely to cause cultural diffusion, as they involve isolation or conflict that can hinder the exchange of cultural ideas.