SECTION A: Refer to source 1A, and answer the following questions

Question

SOURCE 1A
The secret to Toussaint’s impact lay also in the trait common to history’s greatest heroes—the forging of a persona that verged on the superhuman. James writes that Toussaint saw himself in the avenger role described by Enlightenment thinker Abbé Raynal: as a figure who rises up to eradicate human bondage. Toussaint led charges into battle, and survived numerous brushes with death, lending him a supernatural aura that he cultivated to enrapture followers and enemies alike.
His legend grew. One French official in Saint Domingue credited Toussaint’s ability to be in several places at once to his vitality and unmatched understanding of the terrain. And after Napoleon sent 20,000 French troops in 1802 to regain control of Saint-Domingue, a secretary in the expedition described Toussaint as like a tiger: visible where he wasn’t and invisible where he was. In time, for his unprecedented achievements, he would be hailed as the Black George Washington and the Napoleon Bonaparte of the Caribbean.

QUESTION 1

Refer to source 1A
1.1.1 In what ways according to the source did Enlightenment ideals influence Toussaint's self-perception and actions as a leader? (2)
1.1.2 What strategies did Toussaint employ to maintain a mysterious aura during conflict, according to the source? (2)
1.1.3 Explain the term Revolution in your own words (2)
1.1.4 According to the source, what factors contributed to Toussaint being compared to historical figures like George Washington and Napoleon Bonaparte? (4)

Answer 1

QUESTION 1

1.1.1 In what ways according to the source did Enlightenment ideals influence Toussaint's self-perception and actions as a leader?
According to the source, Toussaint was influenced by Enlightenment ideals by seeing himself as an avenger who rose to eradicate human bondage, as articulated by the thinker Abbé Raynal. This self-perception aligned with the Enlightenment's emphasis on liberty, justice, and the fight against oppression, which drove Toussaint's actions and leadership in the context of the Haitian Revolution.

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1.1.2 What strategies did Toussaint employ to maintain a mysterious aura during conflict, according to the source?
The source indicates that Toussaint maintained a mysterious aura through his remarkable vitality and adept understanding of the terrain, which made him seem omnipresent. Additionally, he cultivated an image that likened him to a tiger, being both visible when he chose to be and invisible when he did not—this strategic use of presence contributed to the supernatural perception of his capabilities.

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1.1.3 Explain the term Revolution in your own words.
A revolution is a significant and often rapid change, typically in a political or social context, where a group of people works together to overthrow an existing system or authority in order to establish a new one. It involves the collective action of individuals seeking to change their situation, aiming for improvements in social order, governance, or ideology.

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1.1.4 According to the source, what factors contributed to Toussaint being compared to historical figures like George Washington and Napoleon Bonaparte?
Factors contributing to Toussaint's comparison to George Washington and Napoleon Bonaparte include his unprecedented leadership and military achievements, which paralleled the successes of these renowned figures. Specifically, his ability to rally and inspire followers, assert control over a challenging environment, and execute strategic military maneuvers in the face of overwhelming odds (such as Napoleon's deployment of 20,000 troops) lent him a stature akin to that of a national hero or military genius. Additionally, his symbolic representation as a leader fighting for freedom and autonomy reinforced this comparison in the historical narrative.