Scientists wondered how volcanoes could be located so far from tectonic plate boundaries until one proposed the idea of

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, where the magma is much hotter than the surrounding magma. These are
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and do not move with tectonic plates. They are responsible for the creation of
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island chains.

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Scientists wondered how volcanoes could be located so far from tectonic plate boundaries until one proposed the idea of hotspots, where the magma is much hotter than the surrounding magma. These are fixed features and do not move with tectonic plates. They are responsible for the creation of volcanic island chains.