ancient medical texts, archaeological findings, and mummification practices. The ancient Egyptians demonstrated a deep understanding of anatomy and surgical techniques, as evidenced by the detailed medical papyri, such as the Edwin Smith Papyrus and the Ebers Papyrus. These texts contain descriptions of various surgical procedures, diagnoses, and treatments for injuries and illnesses.
Mummification, which involved the preservation of the body after death, provided surgeons with a unique opportunity to study human anatomy. The aforementioned texts also suggest that Egypt had a systematic approach to medicine and surgery, including procedures for handling fractures, wounds, and other medical conditions.
Additionally, references in historical texts indicate that ancient Egyptian surgeons were skilled in performing operations such as trepanation (the practice of drilling holes into the skull) and managing abscesses. Their knowledge, combined with herbal remedies and basic surgical instruments, highlights the advanced state of Egyptian medicine in the ancient world.