The reaction of phosphorus (P) with chlorine gas (Cl₂) produces phosphorus trichloride (PCl₃) or phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅), depending on the conditions of the reaction.
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Formation of Phosphorus Trichloride (PCl₃): When phosphorus reacts with chlorine in a controlled manner, phosphorus trichloride is formed:
\[ 2 , P(s) + 3 , Cl_2(g) \rightarrow 2 , PCl_3(g) \]
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Formation of Phosphorus Pentachloride (PCl₅): If there is an excess of chlorine, phosphorus pentachloride can be produced:
\[ P(s) + 5 , Cl_2(g) \rightarrow PCl_5(g) \]
Both reactions are typically exothermic and should be carried out with caution, as chlorine is a toxic gas. The specific product formed can depend on factors such as temperature, pressure, and the ratio of reactants.