The reaction between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl₂) is a classic example of a synthesis reaction in which a metal reacts with a non-metal to form an ionic compound. When sodium and chlorine react, sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt, is formed.
Here’s the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
\[ 2 , \text{Na (s)} + \text{Cl}_2 , \text{(g)} \rightarrow 2 , \text{NaCl (s)} \]
Description of the Reaction:
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Sodium (Na): It is a highly reactive alkali metal. When sodium is exposed to air or moisture, it reacts vigorously and can ignite in the presence of oxygen.
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Chlorine (Cl₂): Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a highly reactive halogen. It can be harmful or fatal if inhaled.
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Reaction Conditions: The reaction between sodium and chlorine is highly exothermic, meaning it releases a significant amount of heat. If sufficient sodium is used, the reaction can lead to combustion.
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Ionic Compound Formation: In the reaction, sodium donates one electron to chlorine, resulting in the formation of sodium ions (\( \text{Na}^+ \)) and chloride ions (\( \text{Cl}^- \)). These ions then combine to form the ionic compound sodium chloride.
Safety Note:
Due to the reactivity of both sodium and chlorine, this reaction should only be conducted under controlled laboratory conditions by trained professionals using appropriate safety equipment, as it can be hazardous.