The rock cycle is a continuous geological process that describes the transformation of rocks through various stages and forms over time. It illustrates how three main types of rocks—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic—are interconnected and can change from one type to another through various geological processes such as weathering, erosion, sedimentation, metamorphism, and melting.
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Igneous Rocks: Formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. They can be extrusive (cooling on the Earth's surface) or intrusive (cooling beneath the surface).
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Sedimentary Rocks: Created from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles. This process often involves weathering and erosion of existing rocks, followed by sedimentation in bodies of water.
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Metamorphic Rocks: Formed when existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) are subjected to high pressure, high temperature, or chemically active fluids, altering their mineral composition and structure without melting.
The rock cycle emphasizes that rocks are not static; they are constantly being broken down, reformed, and recycled, contributing to the dynamic nature of the Earth's crust.