Here are simplified definitions for each of the key terms:
Antecedent: The word or group of words that a pronoun refers to.
Clause: A group of words that contains a subject and a verb.
Compound Sentence: A sentence that has two or more independent clauses connected by a conjunction.
Dependent Clause: A group of words that has a subject and verb but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
Indefinite Pronoun: A pronoun that refers to non-specific people or things, such as "everyone" or "somebody."
Independent Clause: A group of words with a subject and verb that can stand alone as a complete sentence.
Noun Phrase: A group of words that functions as a noun in a sentence, usually consisting of a noun and its modifiers.
Phrase: A small group of words that does not contain a subject and verb and acts as a single unit in a sentence.
Prepositional Phrase: A phrase that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun, providing information about location, time, or direction.
Pronoun: A word that takes the place of a noun to avoid repetition, such as "he," "she," or "it."