Based on the provided information regarding the hydrated copper complex and the conditions affecting its dynamic equilibrium, here are the answers to the multiple-choice questions:
Question 1
What color is this system at dynamic equilibrium?
- Response: Light blue
Justification: Since the description mentions that [Cu(H2O)4]²⁺ is associated with color 'sky blue' and Cu(NH3)4²⁺ is dark blue, at dynamic equilibrium with the presence of both species, the solution color tends toward light blue.
Question 2
Which condition below would shift the system in dynamic equilibrium to dark blue?
- Response: Adding ammonia
Justification: The addition of ammonia promotes the formation of the dark blue complex Cu(NH3)4²⁺, shifting the equilibrium to the right.
Question 3
If the system is at dynamic equilibrium, what will be the color result if an acid is added to the system?
- Response: Light blue
Justification: Adding acid would likely lead to a decrease in ammonia concentration (as ammonia is a base), favoring the reverse reaction which produces more [Cu(H2O)4]²⁺, hence the resulting color would shift back to light blue.
Question 4
Concerning the addition of an acid to the system. Select 2 reasons why the color change could result.
- Responses:
- Adding an acid removes ammonia, the base, so the reaction reverses to replace it.
- The reaction between the acid and the base produces extra water which would reverse the reaction.
Justification: Adding acid neutralizes ammonia, which shifts the reaction to the left (producing more light blue complex). Additionally, the production of water also affects the equilibrium position.
These responses align with the principles of chemical equilibrium and the specifics given in the question set.