The phrase "results in 2 diploid cells" typically refers to the process of mitosis, where a single diploid cell (with two sets of chromosomes) divides to produce two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
Here's a brief overview of the mitotic process:
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Interphase: Before mitosis begins, the cell goes through interphase, which consists of G1 (cell growth), S (DNA replication), and G2 (preparation for mitosis). By the end of interphase, the cell has duplicated its DNA.
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Mitosis: The actual process of mitosis includes several stages:
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the center of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to their centromeres.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromosomes begin to de-condense, and the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes.
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Cytokinesis: This is the final step that divides the cytoplasm of the parent cell into two daughter cells, each with the same diploid number of chromosomes as the original cell.
As a result, you end up with two diploid cells, each genetically identical to the original cell and to each other. This is crucial for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.