According to the information you provided, Neanderthals became extinct at that location approximately "40,110 years ago or less." This suggests that they were present in the most recent layers up until about that time.
Recall that the analyzed fossil was found in the most historically recent (uppermost) layer containing Neanderthal bones of the excavated archeological site.
Approximately when did Neanderthals become extinct at this location, according to the study?
40,110 years ago or less
more than 40,110 years ago
A fossil from the oldest (deepest) layer would need to be carbon dated to determine when Neanderthals went extinct.
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