The correct answer is b. Probable cause. Probable cause refers to the reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has been committed, which allows law enforcement to conduct searches, make arrests, or obtain warrants. This standard is based on facts and circumstances rather than mere suspicion.
Here's a brief explanation of the other options for clarity:
- a. Preponderance of the evidence: This is a standard used in civil cases, meaning that something is more likely true than not.
- c. Beyond a reasonable doubt: This is the highest standard of proof used in criminal cases, indicating that there is a high level of certainty about the guilt of the accused.
- d. Reasonable suspicion: This is a lower standard than probable cause and allows law enforcement to stop and briefly question a person if they have specific facts that lead them to suspect criminal activity.
Given your statement, "Reasonable grounds to believe the existence of acts warranting certain actions" aligns with the definition of probable cause.
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