Read through the case study and answer the questions that follow:

Question

Case study
For the last 20 years your workplace has experienced sporadic conflict. Despite management’s best
efforts to deal with the conflict, it remains a problem and affects the performance and well-being of many
employees. The solutions proposed by management only seem to help temporarily, after which the
problems tend to recur. The labour unrest and conflict are mostly related to perceptions around
employment discrimination, gender issues, gender inappropriate facilities, cultural differences, health
issues, organisational and management structures, pay and fringe benefits as well as career
development and promotion issues. It appears that the organisational climate is characterised by endless
accusations and criticism from both inside and outside the organisation. The management team, who
are older tend to be more conservative, have requested you, the I-O psychologist and HR manager, to
urgently look for workable solutions that will bring long-term stability. The organisation with a diverse and
multicultural workforce of 1000 employees, was established in the 1940s and now finds itself in the
context of a new South Africa with its different realities and complexities, which include socio-economic
and political challenges. Your initial response is that the situation requires greater collaboration between
management and employees, between employees themselves as well as amongst the various
organisational departments. However, upon further reflection, you realise that the current work situation
and the organisation reflects a micro-cosmos of South Africa and that the situation may be more complex
than your initial assessment.
Case study excerpt from Bergh, Z (2017). Frameworks for thought and practice in I-O psychology. In Z.
Bergh (Ed.), Introduction to work psychology (pp.44-87). Cape Town: Oxford.
Questions
1. Explain how you would use multiple perspectives in addressing the problems the organisation is
experiencing in the case study by referring specifically to meta-psychology and post-modernism.
(4)
2. Identify the different thinking frameworks related to employee and organisational management that
play a role in this case study and provide examples from the case study to substantiate your answer.

Answer 1

1. In addressing the problems the organisation is experiencing, multiple perspectives can be used by considering meta-psychology and post-modernism.

Meta-psychology refers to the study of psychological theories and concepts and their implications for understanding individual and group behavior. By using meta-psychology, the I-O psychologist can analyze the underlying psychological factors that contribute to the conflicts and issues in the organization. For example, the psychologist can examine how individuals' perceptions of discrimination and gender issues influence their behaviors and interactions within the organization. This understanding can help in developing interventions that address these psychological factors.

Post-modernism, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of context and multiple perspectives in understanding and addressing problems. In this case study, the organization's conflicts and issues are influenced by various contextual factors, such as cultural differences, socio-economic challenges, and political realities. By adopting a post-modern perspective, the I-O psychologist can consider the diverse and complex nature of the organization and recognize that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. This perspective encourages the exploration of multiple viewpoints and engagement of different stakeholders in finding long-term stability solutions.

2. The different thinking frameworks related to employee and organizational management that play a role in this case study include:

a) Diversity and Inclusion Framework: The case study mentions issues related to employment discrimination, gender issues, and cultural differences. These issues highlight the need for a framework that promotes diversity and inclusion within the organization. Addressing these concerns requires creating an inclusive and respectful work environment where employees from different backgrounds feel valued and supported.

b) Structural Framework: The case study mentions organizational and management structures as contributing factors to the conflicts. The management team's conservative approach and the lack of collaboration between departments suggest a need for reevaluation and modification of the organizational structure. A structural framework would involve examining the current hierarchy, decision-making processes, and communication channels to ensure they support cooperation and effective conflict resolution.

c) Leadership Framework: The age difference between the management team and the employees may indicate a need for leadership development. A leadership framework would involve training and developing leaders who can effectively address the conflicts, promote diversity and inclusion, and create a positive work culture.

d) Career Development and Promotion Framework: The case study mentions issues related to career development and promotion. A framework focusing on career development and promotion would involve creating transparent and fair processes for employee growth, ensuring equal opportunities for all employees.

These frameworks provide a basis for understanding and addressing the various issues present in the organization, allowing for a comprehensive approach to resolving the conflicts and promoting long-term stability.

Answer 2

including a reference list, Explain the convergence of
the components (a
motivated offender, a
suitable target and the
absence of a capable
guardian) in the routine
activities approach in the
context of the community of
Riverlea, Johannesburg

Answer 3

including a reference list, Explain the convergence of the components (motivated offender, a suitable target and the absence of a capable guardian) in the routine activities approach in the context of the community of Riverlea, Johannesburg